Maori Art
The Maori are a group of people who inhabit New Zealand and have heritage in the Pacific and Polynesian regions. The culture was an extremely rich one which has survived appropriation and colonization from Great Britain and other cultures. One of the ways that the Maori people were able to sustain its ancient culture was through the creation of works of arts. Of particular importance to the continuation of the culture was the unbelievable ability of the Maori culture to create artistic carvings. So important was the ability to carve in the culture that generations would literally carry the artistic talent with them on their faces, carving images and icons into their skin as representations of their heritage.
There are two concepts which were important topics to the Maori people. These are called the tapu and the noa. Tapu was a religious idea which encompassed everything that would be considered holy to the Maori people. In Maori culture, anything that is tapu is held to a standard beyond normal human interaction (Maori). This also related to the class system of the Maori. Items which belonged to a high class of the society would not be touched by members of the lower class and vice versa. Anything or anyone who would breach the laws of tapu would be facing the wrath of the Gods. Noa is the direct opposite of tapu. These are laws which related to the common man and common place things. Art was strictly under the parameters of the tapu laws.
It is said that the original carvings of the Maori were sacred. Being a skilled carver was akin to a religious position for the trees and plant-life was sacred as well. If a person was an adept carver, then it was supposed that the gods themselves gave them the ability to transform the sacred material into something equally holy (Gathercole 171). The gods were supposed to be communicating through the...
Because the wood and the skill were of such importance, women and other more lowly members of the community were banned from touching the shavings left over from the carvings. Historians have noted that many different types of images were carved by Maori sculptors. Among one of the favorite topics for Maori artisans was the human figure. Remarkably it was found that sculptors made it clear which gender was depicted in the carving but would limit the size of the female's upper anatomy so that the only way of determining male from female was the lower genitalia of the figure (Hamilton 7).
The other common natural figures which appear frequently in Maori art are depictions of reptiles such as lizards or birds (Archey 171). These types of animals are common in New Zealand and also would have had some symbolism in the culture of that population. Fish and whales also are depicted in Maori artworks. All of these animals fulfilled some sort of need to the Maori culture, either in the form of food, clothing materials or in some form of religious symbolism.
The Maori, besides carvers of wood, were also carvers of their own flesh. Author Peter Gathercole quoted James Cowan by stating that the Maori were "pre-eminently the face-carver of mankind" (171). Unlike many cultures which employed tattoo as part of their heritage or as a marking of progression, the Maori would actually use chisels and carve imagery and icons into the skin of the people. This made the markings all the more permanent but it also made them religious markings, on par with the holiness applied to the carving of wood.
Mako, the name for the carvings of the human skin performed by the Maori, have many potential meanings. Some historians have argued that each carving has a unique meaning, but there is yet to be published any definitive evidence of what each…
